What Causes Tooth Decay?
Cavities are areas of the teeth with are permanently damaged which develop into small holes or openings. Cavities, which are also referred to as tooth decay or caries, are caused by numerous factors including the bacteria in your mouth, snacking, consuming sugary beverages and failing to effectively clean your teeth.
Tooth decay and cavities are some of the most common health problems across the world. Cavities are especially prevalent in children, teenagers and older adults. However, it is possible for anyone with teeth to get cavities.
When cavities are left untreated, they grow and can effect deeper layers of the tooth. They can result in severe toothaches, infection and even tooth loss. Regular dental visits and a good oral hygiene practice which includes brushing twice a day and regular flossing in in protecting against cavities and tooth decay.
The signs and symptoms of cavities varies based on amount of decay and the tooth’s location. When a cavity is in beginning phase, you may not have any obvious symptoms. As the decay progresses, however, it may include some of the following signs and symptoms:
- Toothaches
- Increased sensitivity
- Discomfort when eating or drinking, this can be especially common when the tooth is exposed to cold
- Holes or pits in the teeth
- Brown, black or white staining on the surface of the tooth
- Pain when chewing or biting
Because you may not know a cavity is forming, it is important to maintain your regular dental exams and professional cleanings. If you experience a toothache or sudden pain, visit your dentist right away.
Cavities are caused by tooth decay which can occur slowly over a long period of time. The following is a description of the tooth decay process:
- Plaque Forms: Dental plaque is a sticky, clear film that coats the teeth. It is created from consuming sugar and starch and failing to clean your teeth. This allows the bacteria to quickly grow and form plaque. Plaque that remains on the teeth is able to harden and turn into tartar. Tartar makes plaque more difficult to remove and also creates a barrier for the bacteria.
- Plaque Attacks: The acid in plaque removes minerals in the outer enamel of the tooth. This erosion creates small holes in the enamel which is the beginning of a cavity. Once the enamel is damaged, bacteria and acid can easily access the second layer of the tooth or the dentin. This layer is softer than the enamel and easier the acid can easily penetrate. Dentin also has small tubes which communicate with the nerve of the tooth and can cause severe sensitivity.
- Destruction of the Tooth: As the tooth decay continues, the bacteria and acid damage the tooth. The decay moves to the pulp which contains blood vessels and nerves. The pulp then becomes swollen and irritated from the bacteria. Because the swelling is not able to expand inside the tooth, the nerve becomes trapped and is painful.
Anyone who has teeth can get a cavity, however these things can increase your risk:
- Tooth location: Decay often occurs on the teeth in the back of the mouth. These teeth have grooves and pits which trap food particles and can be more difficult to clean.
- Food and beverage consumption: Food and beverages that cling to the teeth such as milk, ice cream, sugar, soda, and candy are more likely to cause decay compared to foods which are easily washed away by the saliva.
- Snacking and drinking: When you are constantly snacking and drinking sugary beverages, you fuel the bacteria in your mouth which increases the acid production and wears the teeth down.
More on Tooth Decay : What is Tooth Decay?