Stages of Tooth Decay?

One of the most common reasons patients experience tooth pain is from tooth decay. Tooth decay starts when the enamel begins to break down which creates pockets of decay on the outermost surface of the tooth. Decay occurs from acidic damage to the tooth. This destructive acid is produced by the bacteria found in plaque, which is the sticky film that forms when saliva metabolizes debris in the mouth. Fortunately, early forms of tooth decay can often be treated through good oral hygiene practices and routine dentist visits. The following is a summary of how tooth decay progresses through various stages.

1. 1. White Spots: The first stage of tooth decay occurs when chalky white areas appear on the surface of the tooth. This occurs due to the loss of calcium and the build-up of plaque. Bacteria found in the plaque metabolizes sugars in the mouth. Over time, the buildup from this acid causes the enamel to break down. This is the demineralization of the surface of the tooth. It is possible to reverse the effects of tooth decay during this stage with quick and effective treatment. Review your treatment options with your dentist. Treatment may twice daily brushing, using a fluoride toothpaste, or using a topical fluoride treatment.
2. 2. Enamel Decay: During the second stage of the tooth decay process, enamel begins to break down under the surface of the tooth. When this occurs, the natural remineralization process is unable to adequately restore the enamel. This results in a lesion within the tooth. As the decay continues, the surface of the tooth may break, damage which is permanent. Once the tooth breaks, professional dental attention is needed immediately.
3. 3. Dentin Decay: Stage three of tooth decay occurs when the dentin decays. When left untreated, bacteria and acids will continue to dissolve the enamel which presents a risk of the decay reaching the dentin. The dentin is the part of the tooth between the enamel and pulp. Once the decay moves into the dentin, many patients experience more intense pain. When the sub-surface enamel becomes weak from the loss of calcium and phosphate minerals, the enamel collapses and a cavity forms. Once a cavity is present, a filling is typically required to restore the tooth.
4. 4. Pulp: The pulp is the center of the tooth and is comprised of living tissue and cells called odontoblasts. Cells of the pulp produce dentin which acts as the connective tissue of the pulp and enamel. Once the pulp of a tooth is infected with bacteria, pus is able to form. The pus then kills the blood vessels and nerves within the tooth and often results in a toothache which is quite painful. Once the pulp is damaged, most patients must undergo a root canal.
5. 5. Abscess: The formation of an abscess is the last stage of tooth decay and is also the most painful. Once the infection reaches the root tip of the tooth, the bone can also be infected. The gums and tongue often become swollen, which can impact speech and put patients at risk for additional issues. Once this stage is reached, oral surgery may be necessary.
6. 6. Tooth Loss: When tooth decay is not properly treated, it is possible to lose the tooth and it may need to be extracted.

Good oral hygiene practices, regular visits to the dentist and prompt treatment for any issues are critical to preserve your teeth. Contact your dentist right away if you experience any problems with your teeth.

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